TOURISM
1. what is tourism? :
=Tourism is travel for
pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring, the business of
attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of
operating tours.[1] Tourism may be international, or within the
traveller's country. The World Tourism
Organization defines tourism
more generally, in terms which go "beyond the common perception of tourism
as being limited to holiday activity only", as people "traveling to
and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one
consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes"
Tourism
can be domestic or international, and international tourism has both incoming
and outgoing implications on a country's balance of payments. Today, tourism is a major source of income for many
countries, and affects the economy of both the source and host countries, in
some cases being of vital importance
source :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism
2. what is travel agent? :
=Travel agent is a person engaged in selling an
arranging transportation, accommodations, tours, or trips for travelers
source :
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/travel%20agent
3. travel place of stay :
= HotelsA
hotel usually offers guests a full range of accommodations and services, which
may include reservations, suites, public dining and banquet facilities, lounge
andentertainment areas, room service, cable television, personal computers,
meeting rooms, specialty shops, personal services valet, laundry, hair care,
swimming pool and other recreational activities, gaming / casino operations,
ground transportation to and from an airport, and concierge services. The size
of the property can range from 20 to more than 2,000 rooms.
Motels
Motels
offer guests a limited range of services, which may include reservations,
vending machines, swimming pools, and cable television. The size of these
properties averages from 10 to 50 units. Motels are usually in suburban highway
and airport locations. Guests typically stay overnight or a few days. Motels
may be located near a free standing restaurant.
All
- Suites
The
all - suites concept, a new addition to the hotel industry, developed in the
1980s as a separate marketing concept, offers guests a wide range of services,
which may include reservations, living room and separate bedroom, kitchenette,
optional public dining room and room service, cable television, video cassette
players and recorders, specialty shops, personal services valet and laundry,
swimming pool, and ground transportation to and from an airport. The size of
the operation can range from 50 to more than 100 units.
This
type of property is usually found in center - city, suburban, and airport
locations. The length of guest stay can be overnight, several days, or long -
term. Although this type of hotel may seem new, many downtown, center - city
hotels have offered this type of accommodation with in - room kitchenette and
sitting rooms since the early 1900s. Now withmass marketing-
advertising products and services through mass communications such as
television, radio, and the Internet - this type of hotel is considered new.
Limited
- Service Hotels
Limited
- service hotels appeared on the hotel scene in the mid - 1980s. Hampton Inn
and Marriott were among the first organizations to offer limited - service
properties. The concept of limited service was developed for a specific segment
of the market business and cost - conscious travelers. The range of
accommodations and services may include reservations, minimal public dining and
meeting facilities, cable television, personal computers, personal services
(valet and laundry), and ground transportation to and from an airport.
The
size of the property can range from 100 to more than 200 rooms. Limited -
service hotels are found in center - city, suburban, and airport locations.
They are usually located near restaurants for guest convenience. Guest stays
can be overnight or long - term. These properties sometimes specialize in
catering to the business traveler and offer special business technology
centers.
Extended
- Stay Hotels
In
“Survey Results of the Extended Stay Lodging Industry,” The Highland Group of
Atlanta, Georgia, reports the following information, about this newest hotel
product on the market which includes the 31 extended - stay brands as well as
some independent hotels.
Extended
- stay hotel room supply in the United States increased more than 50 percent in
1997 over 1996. There will be more economy - price than upscale extended stay
rooms before the end of 1998. This is a significant reversal from prior years
and indicates a change in the way extended - stay lodging is used by American
travelers.
Projected
extended - stay hotel supply will be more than half a million rooms through
2002. At this level, extended - stay hotel rooms will represent some 12 percent
of total lodging inventory.
Assuming
supply growth projections are fully realized through 2002, this represents a
significant change from the current price distribution of extended - stay
hotels and marks a change in the way Americans use extended - stay lodging. Use
of extended - stay lodging will have expanded from the corporate expense - account
market to encompass most demographic segments. Corporations are taking
advantage of the availability of these facilities for training, relocation and
temporary assignments at all levels.
At
Hilton’s Home wood Suites, the following room amenities are included: kingsize
bed or two double beds in the bedroom and foldout sofa in the living room; two
remote - controlled color televisions; fully equipped kitchen with a microwave,
refrigerator with ice maker, coffeemaker, twin - burner stove, and kitchen utensils;
a spacious, well - lit dining area; and ceiling fans and iron and ironing
board. Additional hotel services include a business center, an exercise room,
and a pool. This hotel concept also structures its room rates to attract the
long - term guest.
Market
Orientation
Market
orientation in the hotel industry is categorized into two segments:
·
residential
hotels, which provide guest
accommodations for the long term; and
·
commercial
hotels,which provide short - term accommodations for
traveling guests.
Residential
properties include hotels, all - suites, limited - service, and extended - stay
properties. Services may include (but are not limited to) public dining,
recreational facilities, social activities, and personal services. These hotels
are usually located in center - city and suburban areas where other activities
(shopping, arts and entertainment, busines sservices, public transportation)
are available to round out the living experience.
Commercial
properties service the transient guest, whose stay is short in
duration.Services include (but are not limited to) computerized reservation
systems, public dining, banquet service, lounge and entertainment areas,
personal services, and shuttle transportation to airports. They may be located
almost anywhere.
It
is essential to note the very gray areas in using these two types of
categories. Acommercial lodging establishment may have a certain percentage of
permanent residents. Likewise, a residential hotel may have nightly rentals
available. Owners and general managers need to exhibit a great deal of
flexibility in meeting the needs of the available markets.
Sales
Indicators
Sales
indicators,including hotel occupancy and average daily
rate, are another means for describing hotels. This information is necessary
for business investors to estimate the profitability of a hotel.
There
are four factors that measure a hotel’s degree of financial success: occupancy
percentage, average daily rate, yield percentage, and revenue per
available room (RevPAR). Occupancy percentageis the number
of rooms sold divided by the number of rooms available. Average
daily rate (ADR)is the total room revenue divided by the number of
rooms sold.
Yield
percentage, the effectiveness of a
hotel at selling its rooms at the highest rate available to the most profitable
guest, reveals a facility’s success in selling its room inventory on a daily
basis. RevPAR is used to indicate the ability of each guestroom to produce a
profit. Once the daily sales opportunity has presented itself, it cannot be
repeated (excluding the opportunity to sell a room at a half - day rate).
Occupancy
Occupancy
percentages measure the effectiveness of the marketing and sales department as
well as the front office in its external and internal marketing efforts.
Occupancy percentage is also used by investors to determine the potential
gross income, which is the amount of sales a hotel might obtain at
a given level of occupancy, average daily rate, and anticipated yield. However,
it is also important not to assume that occupancy is standard each night.
Variations occur on a daily basis and by season.
Average
Daily Rate
The
average daily rate (sometimes referred to as average room rate) is also used
inprojecting room revenues - the amount of room sales
received - for a hotel. However, this figure also affects guests’ expectations
of their hotel experience. Guests expect higher room rates to correlate with
higher levels of service: the hotel with a rate of $150 per night is expected
to offer more services than a hotel in the same geographic area with arate of
$55 per night. These expectations have been extensively capitalized upon by
major hotel chains, by developing different properties to meet the expectations
of various segments of the hotel market, as discussed earlier in the chapter.
Yield
Percentage
Yield
percentage measures a hotel manager’s efforts in achieving maximum occupancy at
the highest room rate possible. Prior to the 1990s, hotel managers relied on
occupancy and average daily rate as indicators of meeting financial goals.
Yield percentage forces managers to think in more active terms.
source
:
https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/hotel-front-office-management-tutorial-369/types-of-lodging-facilities-12982.html
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